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But the harmonica still represented a toy instrument in those years and was associated with the poor. The Harmonica’s Origins Number of Keys: None. place of origin: Germany. Toy $9.95 $ 9. This harp can be used for any style, including Celtic, classical, jazz, or blues (commonly in third position). Each of the glass cups is tuned to a different note, and they are arranged in a scalar order. In the 1990s, harmonica players from Hong Kong began to participate in international harmonica competitions, including the World Harmonica Festival in Germany and the Asia Pacific Harmonica Festival. The harmonica's versatility brought it to the attention of classical musicians during the 1930s. In the 1970s, Howard Levy developed the over bending technique (also known as "overblowing" and "overdrawing".) The Suzuki SSCH-56 Compact Chord harmonica is a 48-chord harmonica built in a 14-hole chromatic harmonica enclosure. Various types of wood and treatments have been devised to reduce the degree of this problem. The comb is the main body of the instrument, which, when assembled with the reed plates, forms air chambers for the reeds. Quite a few orchestra harmonicas are also designed to serve as both bass and chord harmonica, with bass notes next to chord groupings. This gives a quick pitch-alternating technique that is slightly more than vibrato and achieves the same aural effect on sustained notes, albeit by using two different tones instead of varying the amplitude of one. Davis returned to the US as a Medal of Honor recipient; his sergeant in an American flag-draped casket. Though the plastic reeds in these harmonicas produced a less distinctive (and, to many ears, inferior) sound than their metallic counterparts, Magnus harmonicas and several imitators soon became commonplace, particularly among children. Hillbilly styles were also recorded, intended for white audiences, by Frank Hutchison, Gwen Foster and several other musicians. In the 1970s, the Haletone Harmonica Orchestra (曉彤口琴隊)[10] was set up at Wong Tai Sin Community Centre. Unlike conventional harmonicas, blowing and drawing produce the same notes because its tuning is closer to the note layout of a typical East Asian tremolo harmonica or the Polyphonias. Kratt Company, which, founded by German-American William Jacob "Bill" Kratt Sr., originally made pitch pipes and later, in 1952, secured a patent for combs made of plastic. )", Layout of 12 Keys of Richter-tuned Diatonic Harmonica, 12 Keys of Pentatonic Scales on one Richter-tuned Diatonic Harmonica in C, Disclaimer - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harmonica&oldid=1021499549, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles needing additional references from February 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles that may contain original research from February 2017, All articles that may contain original research, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles needing more detailed references, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz instrument identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Slightly over 4 octaves (16-hole chromatic model), This page was last edited on 5 May 2021, at 01:52. A notable exception to the traditional reed plate design is the all-plastic harmonicas designed by Finn Magnus in the 1950s, in which the reed and reed plate were molded out of a single piece of plastic. A harmonica holder clamps the harmonica between two metal brackets, which are attached to a curved loop of metal that rests on the shoulders. The harmonica first appeared in Vienna, where harmonicas with chambers were sold before 1824 (see also Anton Reinlein and Anton Haeckl). This gave his harmonica tone a "punchy" midrange sound that could be heard above an electric guitar. Their reeds are often larger, and the enclosing "horn" gives them a different timbre, so that they often function in place of a brass section. 3 – The first harmonicas were mostly made from wood – including the cover plates.Today the only full wooden-bodied harmonicas you’ll find are very expensive and specialized instruments.. 4 – In 1857, a clockmaker from Trossingen, Germany, started making harmonicas at his house. Sammy Davis got a harmonica from his mother in the mail, his sergeant had him play “Shenandoah” day and night. [11][12][13][14], When President Ronald Reagan suffered a punctured lung in the 1981 attempt on his life, his breathing therapist was Howard McDonald, of the Cambridge Harmonica Orchestra. Type: 12 Hole 48 tone Harmonica. Bending isolated reeds is possible, as on chromatic and other harmonica models with wind-savers, but also to both lower, and raise (overbend, overblow, overdraw) the pitch produced by pairs of reeds in the same chamber, as on a diatonic or other unvalved harmonica. Let’s take a trip back in time, way back to the year 2500 BC. Harmonikafabrik Ch. This harmonica was made by M. Hohner in Germany, undetermined date. Frontiersmen Wyatt Earp and Billy the Kid played the instrument, and it became a fixture of the American musical landscape. The Chinese YMCA Harmonica Orchestra started in the 1960s, with 100 members, most of whom played harmonicas. The only recent American contender in the harmonica market was Harrison Harmonicas, which folded in July 2011. Nearly every family has an old harmonica lying around somewhere, yet most of us are unaware of the instrument’s history and contribution to music. In Germany, violin manufacturer Johann Georg Meisel from Klingenthal bought a harmonica with chambers (Kanzellen) at an exhibition in Braunschweig in 1824. One was Magnus Harmonica Corporation, whose founder Finn Magnus is credited with the development of plastic harmonica reeds. Harmonica players (especially blues players) have developed terminology around different "positions," which can be confusing to other musicians, for example the slang terminology for the most common positions (1st being 'straight', 2nd being 'cross', 3rd being 'slant', etc.). The history of the harmonica in Taiwan began around 1945. In October 2012, it was revealed that a Beloit, Wisconsin, investment corporation, R&R Opportunities, had bought the assets of Harrison Harmonicas and that a feasibility study was under way to assess the possibilities of continued production of the Harrison B-Radical harmonica. 2: a small rectangular wind instrument with free reeds recessed in air slots from which tones are sounded by exhaling and inhaling In 1830, Christian Messner, a cloth maker and weaver from Trossingen, copied a harmonica his neighbour had brought from Vienna. The accordion, which produces sound by pushing and pulling air through bellows, is another type of reed instrument. From these two basic types, a few modern designs have been created, such as the Hohner CBH-2016 chromatic and the Suzuki Overdrive diatonic, which have complex covers that allow for specific functions not usually available in the traditional design. Playing the harmonica requires inhaling and exhaling strongly against resistance. When this technique is employed while playing chords, care must be taken in overtone selection as the overtones stemming from the non-root pitch can cause extreme dissonance. From 1840 onwards, his nephew Christian Weiss was also involved in the business. History of origins. For example the Mixolydian mode (root note is the second draw or third blow), produces a major dominant seventh key that is frequently used by blues players because it contains the harmonically rich dominant seventh note, while the Dorian mode (root note is four draw) produces a minor dominant seventh key. This page is for updating the "Encyclopedia of The Harmonica". Over time, the basic design and tuning proved adaptable to other types of music such as the blues, country, old-time and more. Around 1820, free-reed designs began being created in Europe. Encyclopedia of the Harmonica has 4,786 members. Learning to play a musical instrument also offers motivation in addition to the exercise component. The basic parts of the harmonica are the comb, reed plates, and cover plates. Few dispute, however, that comb surface smoothness and air tightness when mated with the reed plates can greatly affect tone and playability. Later, the instrument was known by such names as the "mouth organ" and the "mouth harp." Playing chromatically on a diatonic harmonica thanks to bends and overblows/draws is now common. Richter tuning, invented by Joseph Richter (who also is credited with inventing the blow and draw mechanism), was created in 1826 and was eventually adopted nearly universally. Reeds are tuned to individual pitches. In 1963 Paul Butterfield formed … (Currently, only C.A. The violin and viola were replaced by 12-hole and 16-hole chromonicas; cello by chord harmonica, contra bass and octave bass; double bass by octave bass; flute by pipe soprano; clarinet by pipe alto; trumpet by horn soprano; trombone by horn alto; oboe by melodica soprano; English horn by melodica alto; French horn by melodica professional. This tuning is also suited to local music throughout East Asia, and harmonicas using the tuning became popular in the region. They became relatively well known in Europe after being introduced by the French Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot (1718–1793), who lived in Qing-era China. At the time, it was referred to as a "Western transverse flute." Here is the note layout for a standard diatonic in the key of G major: Each hole is the same interval (here, a perfect fifth) from its key of C counterpart; on the diatonic scale, a G is a perfect fifth from C. The interval between keys can be used to find the note layout of any standard diatonic. By the 1920s, the diatonic harmonica had largely reached its modern form. There are also other chord harmonicas, such as the Chordomonica (which operates similar to a chromatic harmonica), and the junior chord harmonicas (which typically provide six chords). Around 1900, the modern term, "harmonica" gained currency. Wind-savers are used when two reeds share a cell and leakage through the nonplaying reed would be significant. The harmonica was developed in Europe in the early part of the 19th century. In most cases, they have both blow and draw of the same tone, though the No. Harmonicas were in short supply in the United States during World War II. The other type of orchestral melodic harmonica is the polyphonia, (though some are marked "chromatica"). Buddy has established himself as one of Nashville’s finest harmonica stylists. Recently, responding to increasingly demanding performance techniques, the market for high-quality instruments has grown. In Europe and the United States, tremolo harmonica uses the Richter tuning, developed in Germany. Davis plays his harmonica while he travels the country to keep the memories of the friends he lost in Vietnam alive. Fung On and others continued to teach harmonica and also set up harmonica orchestras. Many pulmonary rehabilitation programs[specify] therefore have begun to incorporate the harmonica. Modern wooden-combed harmonicas are less prone to swelling and contracting, but modern players still dip their harmonicas in water for the way it affects tone and ease of bending notes. Free-reed instruments like the Chinese sheng were fairly common in East Asia since ancient times. If, as on most modern harmonicas, a reed is affixed above or below its slot rather than in the plane of the slot, it responds more easily to air flowing in the direction that initially would push it into the slot, i.e., as a closing reed. Some modern and experimental comb designs are complex in the way that they direct the air. It is a Preludium model in the key of A, with 20 double holes and 40 reeds. Other types followed soon thereafter, including the various tremolo and octave harmonicas. One of the early innovators of this approach was Marion "Little Walter" Jacobs, who played the harmonica near a "Bullet" microphone marketed for use by radio taxi dispatchers. It is a Marine Band No. This difference in response to air direction makes it possible to include both a blow reed and a draw reed in the same air chamber and to play them separately without relying on flaps of plastic or leather (valves, wind-savers) to block the nonplaying reed. A few brands still use the traditional method of nailing the reed plates to the comb. Its 11-hole mouthpiece can slide along the front of the harmonica, which gives numerous chord choices and voicings (seven triads, three 6th chords, seven 7th chords, and seven 9th chords, for a total of 24 chords). There are various accounts of who invented the harmonica. Seydel is still in business.) Players perceive tubes as having a "warmer" tone and a more "natural" overdrive sound. Individual tremolo harmonica players from China moved to Hong Kong and established numerous harmonica organizations such as The Chinese Y.M.C.A. Accessioned with original cardboard box. Key Of C Easttop T008 Blues Harp Good Harmonica Mouth Organ , Find Complete Details about Key Of C Easttop T008 Blues Harp Good Harmonica Mouth Organ,Blues Harp,Good Tuning,Diatonic from Supplier or Manufacturer-Jiangsu East Musical Instrument Co., Ltd. This is useful because the reeds eventually go out of tune through normal use, and certain notes of the scale can fail more quickly than others. There are also recordings featuring the harmonica in jug bands, of which the Memphis Jug Band is the most famous. This can cause the comb to expand slightly, making the instrument uncomfortable to play, and to then contract, potentially compromising air tightness. A harmonica reed is a flat, elongated spring typically made of brass, stainless steel, or bronze, which is secured at one end over a slot that serves as an airway. Kratt Company in 1952. This technique is called bending, a term possibly borrowed from guitarists, who literally bend a string to subtly change the pitch. Another technique, seldom used to its full potential, is altering the size of the mouth cavity to emphasize certain natural overtones. The most common way is to change how the harmonica is held. The ChengGong harmonica[2] has a main body, and a sliding mouthpiece. Harmonicas were heard on a handful of recordings in the early 1900s, generally labeled as a "mouth organ". By the 1980s, though, as living standards improved, many instruments once beyond the budgets of most Taiwanese started to become more accessible and popular in preference to the harmonica. After about 30 years, the Japanese developed scale tuning and semitone harmonicas that could play Japanese folk songs. An effect similar to vibrato is that of the 'trill' (or 'roll', or 'warble, or 'shake'); this technique has the player move their lips between two holes very quickly, either by shaking the head in a rapid motion or moving the harmonica from side to side within the embouchure. Pulmonary specialists have noted that playing the harmonica resembles the kind of exercise used to rehabilitate COPD patients such as using a PFLEX inspiratory muscle trainer or the inspiratory spirometer. The East Asian version, which can produce all 12 semitones, is used often in East Asian rock and pop music. Number of Bores: 12. In 1898, the harmonica was brought to Japan, where the Tremolo harmonica was the most popular instrument. The harmonica shares similarities to all other free-reed instruments by virtue of the method of sound production. For example, the vibrato effect can be achieved by opening and closing the hands around the harmonica very rapidly. Weiss. Finally a real improvement on this good old Richter diatonic harmonica design! Listeners could play along with the program to increase their proficiency. 7 is blow only, and the No. 1896 model in the key of C, with 10 single holes and 20 reeds. Harmonica Harmony. In Scandinavian languages, an accordion is called variants of "trekkspill" (pull play) or "trekkharmonika" whereas a harmonica is called "munnspill" (mouth play) or "mundharmonika" (mouth harmonica). Each reed sits inside a single cell in the comb. In addition to the 19 notes readily available on the diatonic harmonica, players can play other notes by adjusting their embouchure and forcing the reed to resonate at a different pitch. SIZE: 165mm*40mm*30mm. John Popper of Blues Traveler uses a customized microphone that encapsulates several of these effects into one handheld unit, as opposed to several units in sequence. The term "comb" may originate from the similarity between this part of a harmonica and a hair comb. The harmonica was first imported to Japan from Germany in 1896. These have all twelve chromatic notes laid out on the same row. The glass armonica was one of the most celebrated instruments of the 18th century. Harmonica for Toddlers, Kids, and Adults, Mini Musical Instrument for Beginners: Boys & Girls with 10 Holes and 20 Notes, Stainless Steel Diatonic Mouth Organ Complete with Storage Bag for Children. Cover plates cover the reed plates and are usually made of metal, though wood and plastic have also been used. Behind each hole is a chamber containing at least one reed. One of the first things Oskar set out to fix was the way a harmonica is assembled. The only difference between some early pitch-pipes and harmonicas is the name of the instrument, which reflected the maker's target audience. They are chromatic instruments and are usually played in an East Asian harmonica orchestra instead of the "push-button" chromatic harmonica that is more common in the European and American tradition. Strictly speaking, diatonic denotes any harmonica designed to play in a single key—though the standard Richter-tuned harmonica diatonic can play other keys by forcing its reeds to play tones that are not part of its basic scale. Also, a "hands-free" modification to the Hohner 270 (12-hole) lets the player shift the tones by moving the mouthpiece up and down with the lips, leaving the hands free to play another instrument. Paul Butterfield. Place of origine: guangdong, china brand: easttop chromatic harmonica model number: t12-48 number of holes: 12, 12 tone: c, c reed phosphor bronze packing: hard... 4 clickbd.com The oldest, the Chinese sheng , which was introduced to Europe in the 18th century, provided the principle both for the harmonica and for the short-lived symphonium, in which buttons channelled air from a single mouth hole to the proper reeds. New designs were still developed in the 20th century, including the chromatic harmonica, first made by Hohner in 1924, the bass harmonica, and the chord harmonica. It was announced soon thereafter that the rights to the Harrison design had been sold to another company to finish production of orders already placed. Longer, heavier, and springier reeds produce deeper, lower sounds; shorter, lighter, and stiffer reeds make higher-pitched sounds. Holes 2, 3, and 4 play a diminished chord; holes 3, 4, and 5 play a minor chord; and holes 4, 5, and 6 play an augmented, for a total of sixteen chords. It is played by touching the rotating cups with wetted fingers, causing them to vibrate and produce a sustained "singing" tone. An even more serious problem with wooden combs, especially in chromatic harmonicas (with their thin dividers between chambers), is that, as the combs expand and shrink over time, cracks can form in the combs, because the comb is held immobile by nails, resulting in disabling leakage. The concertina, diatonic and chromatic accordions and the melodica are all free-reed instruments that developed alongside the harmonica. Two types of cover plates are used: traditional open designs of stamped metal or plastic, which are simply there to be held; and enclosed designs (such as the Hohner Meisterklasse and Super 64, Suzuki Promaster and SCX), which offer a louder tonal quality. US president Abraham Lincoln carried a harmonica in his pocket,[6] and harmonicas provided solace to soldiers on both the Union and Confederate sides of the American Civil War. But the "mouth organ" or "harp" as we know it today dates back only to 19th century Germany. [7] The patent for the plastic comb, however, was awarded to William Kratt of Wm. This provides a unique wavering or warbling sound created by the two reeds being slightly out of tune with each other and the difference in their subsequent waveforms interacting with each other (its beat). The reed plate is a grouping of several reeds in a single housing. Indeed, the similarities between harmonicas and so-called "diatonic" accordions or melodeons is such that in German the name for the former is "Mundharmonika" and the latter "Handharmonika," which translate as "mouth harmonica" and "hand harmonica." However, in the traditional slider-based chromatic harmonica, it is essential to the functioning of the instrument because it provides a groove for the slide. The harmonica was developed in Europe in the early part of the 19th century. A typical harmonica allows for twenty-one notes and all the pianissimos and crescendos one could ever want – and that’s what makes this event so exciting! It is laid out in four-note clusters, each sounding a different chord on inhaling or exhaling. This can be integral with the comb (the diatonic harmonicas; the Hohner Chrometta); part of the cover (as in Hohner's CX-12); or may be a separate unit, secured by screws, which is typical of chromatics. Dispute exists among players about whether comb material affects the tone of a harmonica. The radio program gained wide popularity after the unveiling of the 1925 White House Christmas tree, which was adorned with fifty harmonicas. The body is a 24-hole diatonic harmonica that ranges from B2 to D6 (covering 3 octaves). Such two-reed pitch changes actually involve sound production by the normally silent reed, the opening reed (for instance, the blow reed while the player is drawing). In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, harmonicas not uncommonly had special features on the covers, such as bells, which could be rung by pushing a button. There are endless stories about how harmonicas saved lives; from stopping bullets by being in the soldier’s uniform in the right place at the right time, to other stories of many musicians that made a living out of playing it. Wood and metal materials for harmonicas were in short supply because of military demand. (This will be useful in cheerleading practice. The distinguishing feature of the tremolo-tuned harmonica is that it has two reeds per note, with one slightly sharp and the other slightly flat. An accordion, in which an internal metal reed produces sound. This obviates the need for cupping and waving the hands around the instrument during play. Many others followed in Germany and also nearby Bohemia that would later become Czechoslovakia. This technique can be accomplished in a number of ways. As well, it is capable of playing single-note melodies and double stops over a range of three diatonic octaves. In blues music, the harmonica is often casually referred to as a "blues harp" or "harp", but it is a free reed wind instrument, not a stringed instrument, and is therefore not a true harp. There are various methods of playing, depending on the type, Decide based on the tunes you want to perform, The school star is also a relative of the harmonica, A key harmonica with 37 keys-enough to satisfy a pro, The origins of the Harmonica:The story of the birth of the harmonica. The harmonica was first imported to Japan from Germany in 1896. Initial diatonic harmonica tunings were major key only. Also, tube amplifiers produce a natural growling overdrive when cranked at higher volumes, which adds body, fullness, and "grit" to the sound. 95 $13.95 $13.95. [4] In 1829, Charles Wheatstone developed a mouth-organ under the name "Aeolina" (inspired by the Aeolian harp). A 16-hole chromatic (top) and 10-hole diatonic harmonica. Diatonic harmonicas were designed primarily for playing German and other European folk music and have succeeded well in those styles. Accessioned with original cardboard box. Later, the instrument was known by such names as the "mouth organ" and the "mouth harp." A significant contributor to the expanding popularity of the harmonica was a New York-based radio program called the Hohner Harmony Hour, which taught listeners how to play. [1] In particular, a wooden comb can absorb moisture from the player's breath and contact with the tongue. Many harmonica players still prefer tube amplifiers to solid-state ones, owing to the perceived difference in tone generated by the vacuum tubes. The glass harmonica is a musical instrument formed from a nested set of graduated glass cups mounted sideways on an axle. Other diatonic harmonicas include octave harmonicas. Harmonica combs were traditionally made from wood, but now are also made from plastic (ABS) or metal (including titanium for high-end instruments). The reeds are usually made of brass, but steel, aluminium, and plastic are occasionally used. The chord harmonica has up to 48 chords: major, seventh, minor, augmented and diminished for ensemble playing. [5] Mouth-blown free-reed instruments appeared in the United States, South America, the United Kingdom and Europe at roughly the same time. Chances are your very first musical experience was with a harmonica or a Kazoo. Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann is often cited as the inventor of the harmonica in 1821, but other inventors developed similar instruments at the same time. [3] Around 1820, free-reed designs began being created in Europe. Pitch pipes are also sold for string players, such as violinists and guitarists; these pitch pipes usually provide the notes corresponding to the open strings. These consist of a single large comb with blow-only reed-plates on the top and bottom. In 1931, Hiderō Satō (佐藤秀廊) announced the development of a minor key harmonica. The United States had two significant harmonica manufacturers, and both were based in Union, New Jersey. Some expensive, handmade boutique amplifiers, however, are built from the ground up with characteristics that are optimal for amplified harmonica. Harmonica Orchestra. It is said that various people tried their hand at altering the structure of this flute, which gradually took the form of today's harmonica. Among those saying yes are those who are convinced by their ears. In 1857, Matthias Hohner, a clockmaker from Trossingen, started producing harmonicas. Furthermore, the primary harmonica manufacturers were based in Germany and Japan, the enemies of the United States and the Allied forces in the war. Harmonica players who play the instrument while performing on another instrument with their hands (e.g., an acoustic guitar) often use an accessory called a neck rack or harmonica holder to position the instrument in front of their mouths.

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