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Answer: Question 31. aldolase (an enzyme in glycolysis) catalyzes the splitting of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. It enhances the reactions which occur in the body during various life processes. The phenomenon of breaking down of water molecule using solar energy absorbed by chlorophyll molecules is known as photolysis. Water absorbed by root hairs moves through epidermis root cortex -endodermis → root xylem (i.e., tracheids and vessels) → stem xylem + xylem in the leaf. Answer: For example, DNA ligase catalyzes the joining of two fragments of DNA by forming a phosphodiester bond. The word ribozyme is derived from the ribonucleic acid enzyme. Question 7. Answer: What substances are contained in the gastric juice? Answer: The exchange of gases takes place through the stomata by the process of diffusion. How is it formed? The chemicals that bind to the active site of the enzyme can inhibit the activity of the enzyme and such substrate is called an inhibitor. Answer: (ii) Lymph contains lymphocyte cells which fight against infection and it also carries digested fat. Question 10. Chlorophyll is a green coloured pigment found in the green leaves or green parts of the plant which traps solar energy for photosynthesis. This active site is a specific area that combines with the substrate. The energy between these molecules needs to overcome the barrier in the reaction. Answer: Write down the functions of lymph nodes. Explain process of breathing in man. Define photolysis. The basic mechanism of enzyme action is to catalyze the chemical reactions, which begins with the binding of the substrate with the active site of the enzyme. Its main functions are as follows: Question 5. Question 9. Where does the oxygen come from when it is liberated during photosynthesis? Answer: Write down four factors affecting transpiration process. There are three kinds of cofactors present in enzymes: Following are some of the examples of enzymes: Alcoholic beverages generated by fermentation vary a lot based on many factors. (iii) Temperature: Increased atmospheric temperature causes decrease in humidity of air. The carbon dioxide of the atmosphere is used by the terrestrial plants whereas the … Peptic ulcer is caused by the high acidity of gastric juice secretions. Describe the importance of stomata in plant. (ii) Describe the process of anaerobic respiration. Answer: the carbon dioxide, which is formed in the cells, gets accumulated in higher concentration as compared in the blood, so it easily diffuses into the blood. How is it removed from the body? Answer: When the slightly digested food enters into oesophagus the contraction and expansion movement of its wall, takes place, which is known as peristaltic movement. Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes with Answers Solutions. Green plants and some bacteria. As mentioned earlier, enzymes are protein compounds. What is ascent of sap? List two differences between ‘holozoic nutrition’ and ‘saprophytic nutrition’. Draw a well labelled diagram of human digestive system and explain the diges tive process. The conditions of the reaction have a great impact on the activity of the enzymes. Answer: The substrate and the enzyme form an intermediate reaction with low activation energy without any catalysts. Answer: The extensive network of veins enables quick transport of substances to and from the mesophyll cells. When temperature decreases, decrease in transpiration takes place. Catalysts are proteins that increase the rate of chemical … Now, this solid undigested food enters the last part of large intestine known as rectum through which it moves out from the body. Question 7. The reactants of photosynthesis are: Carbon Dioxide: During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is converted into carbohydrates and this is called fixing of carbon dioxide. Many plants store waste materials in the vacuoles of mesophyll cells and epidermal cells. These proteases possess an active site serine whose R group hydroxyl generates a covalent bond with a carbonyl carbon of a peptide bond and results in the hydrolysis of the peptide bond. Kidneys are bean-shaped and located at the back of abdomen, one on either side of backbone. MULTICELLULAR Multicellular Made up of many number of cells Cells have a similar basic structure and similar basic life activities Different shapes and aggregated to form different tissues Tissues form organs and organs give rise to organ system that perform special function. Name any one enzyme of our digestive system and write its function. The two auricles (atria) are separated from the ventricles by two apertures guarded by membranous valves. Question 30. SO2 the exchange of gases takes place through stomata by the process of diffusion. All are parasites. Question 10. Deoxygenated blood: It is found in right auricle and right ventricle. Kidney has two regions: outer cortex and inner medulla. Liver secretes bile pigments and pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which digestes the proteins, carbohydrates and emulsified fats. Any alteration of pH causes the ionic state of amino acid residues to change in the whole protein and in the active site. Name the organs of excretory system in human. Answer: Haemoglobin is a red coloured pigment found in red blood cells. OR In birds and mammals the left and right side of the heart are separated. The various steps involved in the process of nutrition are: Valves in heart prevent backflow of blood inside the heart during contraction. Just some enzymes feasibly operate with pH above 9 and below 5. Answer: Question 7. But when the air speed is high, stomata get closed and causes a decrease in transpiration. How do carbohydrates, proteins and fats get digested in human beings? From the oesophagus the food enters into the stomach. Question 21. Thus, food is completely digested in ileum part of small intestine. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science; ... Enzymes are a linear chain of amino acids, which give rise to a three-dimensional structure. What are the various processes that take place in the duodenum? The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. This model states that the interaction between substrate and enzyme is weak, and these weak interactions induce conformational changes rapidly and strengthen binding and bring catalytic sites close enough to substrate bonds. What is the internal (cellular) energy reserve in autotrophs? The main function of these enzymes is to split the carbohydrates by the hydrolytic actions. Answer: Question 31. Question 1. I did give them to my mother who has digestive problems and she started taking them with a probiotic and she said that her digestive system is close to normal functioning which is very rare for her. The wall of alimentary canal contains muscle layers. They function to reorganize the internal structure of the cell to regulate cellular activities. Answer: It stores the excess of glucose in the form of glycogen. Thus, there is no net uptake of gases from the environment. Their haemoglobin is changed into bile pigments. (d) It acts as carrier of hormones. Enzymes bind the substrate into a region of the active site in an intermediate conformation. This is due to the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen. Amoeba. Solar energy is converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis. More appropriate is to utilize a shorter time duration when it comes to incubation time to gauge the starting velocities of such enzyme reactions. What makes red blood corpuscles red? Which part of root is involved in the exchange of respiratory gases in plants? Oxytocin (Oxt) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide.It is normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. Glucose along with filtrate runs down through the long renal tubule by the action of cilia. However, at a saturation point where substrate molecules are more in number than the free enzyme, the velocity remains the same. Catalysis of all reactions taking place in metabolic pathways are carried out by intracellular enzymes. Air is present in between the particles of the soil. These catalyze transferring of the chemical group from one to another compound. Nitrates and nitrites. Describe the structure of human kidney. Typically, enzyme activities are accelerated with increasing temperatures. The ammonia is produced as a result of metabolism of amino acids. What is urethra? We provide a probabilistic lifetime exposure model for children and adults, which accounts for intake via eight food types and inhalation, intestinal absorption, biliary excretion, … (iii) Absorption: Now, the food enters from duodenum into ileum part of small intesntine where millions of finger-like projections known as villi are present which absorb the food. In which form They break down large molecules into smaller substances that can be easily absorbed by the body. Question 28. Most enzymes have their pH – optimum near to neutrality. Overall, it will leave you feeling healthier and happier, so it is a good bet as a supplement. The water and dissolved substances (wastes and useful) are filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and from here they are filtered into the tubule. What will happen if platelets were absent in the blood? Question 17. The mouth is located in the centre of the oral surface, where it is surrounded by a tough peristomial membrane and closed with a sphincter.The mouth opens through a short oesophagus into a stomach divided by a constriction into a larger, eversible … Bile juice secreted by the liver and bicarbonate ions secreted by the duodenal wall makes the medium alkaline. Answer: Question 18. (iv) Assimilation: Amoeba cell obtains energy from the absorbed Nutrients: Those substances which supply nourishment to living organisms from its surroundings and use it as an energy source or for biosynthesis of body constituents. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. Answer: They structurally resemble the specific substrate of the enzyme and bind to the enzyme and inhibit the enzymatic activity. Question 41. The active site amino acids are assembled to the cluster in the right conformation by the 3-dimensional folding of the primary amino acid sequence. White blood corpuscles engulf (phagocytose) the foreign matter (bacteria, dust and other foreign material) entering the body, and are hence called soldiers. This is useful in animals that have high energy needs, such as birds and mammals. Question and Answer forum for K12 Students. Answer: Functions of lymph nodes are: Question 18. Question 5. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency in the living organisms. Which is the largest gland in the human body? Write its main function. Why is energy required by an organism even during sleep? The preference of substrate concentration is critical as at lower concentrations, the rate is driven by concentration, however, at high concentrations, the rate does not depend on any increase in the concentration of the substrate. (i) Ingestion: Amoeba ingests food with the help of its finger-like extensions, called pseudopodia. In the stomach, this food is churned along with gastric juices converting this food into a semi-solid paste called chyme. When the rate of photosynthesis is equal to rate of respiration, it is called as compensation point. The regulation of enzymes has been a key element in clinical diagnosis because of their role in maintaining life processes. The most common enzyme used in the process includes protein kinase that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. Question 14. The right ventricle pumps venous blood into lungs by a pulmonary aorta. Each enzyme is specific for the substrate (a reactant that binds to an enzyme) upon which it acts. Question 30. (v) Egestion: When a considerable amount of undigested food gets collected inside Amoeba, its cell membrane ruptures and throws out the undigested food. Answer: (iii) Absorption: The simple soluble food is absorbed by cytoplasm of Amoeba from food vacuoles through the process of diffusion. Where does exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur in human? A small number of ribozymes exist which serve as an RNA-based biological catalyst. Thus, due to transpiration water is pulled upward which creates an upward suction force called ‘transpiration pull’. Question 16. Question 22. This movement helps the food to move towards the stomach. Answer: It converts starch into sugar at pH of 7. In which forms do most plants absorb nitrogen? In each of the following situations what happens to the rate of photo synthesis? Enzymes are found in all tissues and fluids of the body. Answer: Root hairs are involved in the exchange of respiratory gases in plants. Tamilnadu Board Class 10 English Solutions, Tamilnadu Board Class 9 Science Solutions, Tamilnadu Board Class 9 Social Science Solutions, Tamilnadu Board Class 9 English Solutions, Memories of Childhood Class 12 MCQ Questions with Answers English Chapter 8, Control and Coordination Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 7. Plant kept in continuous light will live longer. Write differences between respiration and combustion. The temperature or pH at which a compound shows its maximum activity is called optimum temperature or optimum pH, respectively. In the outer part i.e., cortex of kidney. Lipase helps in breakdown of complex fat molecules. Question 24. Along with digestive enzymes, hormones also play an important role in the digestion. This is called peristalsis, which occurs all along the gut. RBCs present in blood have haemoglobin which bind with O2 and form oxyhaemoglobin. What is chlorophyll? Answer: 1. What is transpiration pull? Click ‘Start Quiz’ to begin! Question 32. Question 21. Osmoregulation is the maintenance of optimum concentration of water and salts in the body fluids. Transport of Excretory Materials: In body, by metabolic process many excretory products such as urea, etc., are formed. Organic compounds in plasma include antibodies, glucose, amino acids, hormones, enzymes, fatty acids, vitamins and proteins (i.e., albumin, globulin, prothrombin, fibrinogen, heparin). Although structure determines function, a novel enzymatic activity cannot yet be predicted from structure alone. What is root pressure? Again when the temperature is very high, the activity of enzymes decreases which leads to low rate of photosynthesis. Name the enzyme which is present in infants but may be absent in adults. Food is crushed into small pieces by the teeth. These valves allow the flow of blood from ventricles into the aorta and not back. Inverse Function Calculator | How to Find the Inverse of a Function? Bread can be considered as the finest example of fermentation in our everyday life. Answer: Answer: The Transferases enzymes help in the transportation of the functional group among acceptors and donor molecules. Answer: The modifications in the ionic state can modify catalysis and substrate binding. Enzyme-substrate interactions induce reactive groups into proximity with one another. Answer: These substances are especially delivered to storage organs of roots, fruits, seeds and growing organs. The blood reaching the tissues has higher concentration of oxygen than in the cells so it gets diffused into the cells. A temperature or pH more than optimum may alter the molecular structure of the enzymes. The xylem tissue transports water and minerals from the soil to the leaves of a plant for photosynthesis. Based on the type of the plant’s product, which is to be used and the type of the enzyme applied, the fermented product varies. RBCs are produced at the foetal stage by the liver. and hence it is called sap. Enzymes require an optimum temperature and pH for their action. The intermediate state where the substrate binds to the enzyme is called the transition state. Answer: (i) oxygen is carried to the tissues Answer: With further researches, classification became more comprehensive. They derive their nutrition from plants or animals without killing them. Answer: Its main function is to transport the respiratory gases like oxygen due to increased affinity towards oxygen. Question 12. The swelling of guard cells due to absorption of water causes opening of stomatal pores while shrinking of guard cells closes the pores. Out of these lights of different wavelengths, chlorophyll absorbs mainly blue, violet, red and orange lights but does not absorb the green light. Question 23. Answer: Question 8. (ii) Is green light most or least useful in photosynthesis and why? The wall of left ventricle is much thicker than that of right ventricle. Oxytocin is released into the bloodstream as a hormone in response to love and in labor. The valve separating right atrium from right ventricle is called right atrio-ventricular valve or tricuspid valve made up of three flaps. Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus have semipermeable walls. Lymph nodes produce and maintain the lymphocytes of blood. It is called inanimate part of blood because it lacks blood corpuscles. Thus, air from outside rushes into the lungs through nostrils, trachea and bronchi. What is the main function of kidneys in humans? The inner lining of stomach is protected from hydrochloric acid by mucus. Answer: Common features between all the respiratory organs are: The mechanism of gaseous exchange between tissues and blood is as follows: Question 3. Answer: (ii) Digestion: The teeth helps in physical digestion of food. Enzyme … (ii) The respiration which takes place in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. It consists of two steps: Enzymes are the biocatalysts with high molecular weight proteinous compound. The total daily protein load is ∼70–100 g of dietary protein and 35–200 g of endogenous proteins, including the digestive enzymes and dead cells . Answer:

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