human impact on estuaries

Human Impact on Estuaries: Chesapeake Bay Human Impact Overfishing decrease in marine wildlife such as oysters which once filtered the water to remove excess nutrients and reduce algal blooms an estuary lying inland from the Atlantic Ocean largest estuary in the US ranges over Competing with native species for food, or preying upon native species, invasive species have drastically reduced the populations of native species and have, in some cases, caused their extinction. Today, there are major settlements near estuaries in Whangārei, Auckland, Tauranga, Napier, Wellington, Nelson, Christchurch, Dunedin and Invercargill. This term is now being used loosely to refer to adjoining land masses or water bodies. The way they have been treated has reflected the values of estuary dwellers – values that have changed over time and are still changing. An estuary in this state is also not aesthetically appealing for swimming and recreation. Developments in and around estuaries and the increasing population growth affect these special places. Eutrophication may also trigger toxic algal blooms like red tides, brown tides, and the growth of Pfiesteria. The estuaries are subject to different scales of human impact; the Clyde estuary has little human modification, the Bega estuary has a small township and single wastewater treatment works Because they are transitional areas between the land and the sea, and between freshwater and saltwater environments, estuaries can be seriously impacted by any number of human, or anthropogenic, activities. Estuaries are affected by events far upstream, and concentrate materials such as pollutants and sediments. Toxic substances that find their way into estuaries cause severe harm not only to the native plant and animal species that live there, but also to people who may consume them. Over 230 non-native species now live there; so many, in fact, that they now dominate the ecosystem. The pollutants that have the greatest impact on the health of estuaries include toxic substances like chemicals and heavy metals, nutrient pollution (or eutrophication), and pathogens such as bacteria or viruses. Often referred to as biological pollutants, invasive plants and animals have been introduced intentionally or accidentally since the arrival of humans. The San Francisco Bay estuary is probably the most invaded estuary in the world. Nutrient pollution is the single largest pollution problem affecting coastal waters of the United States. An estuary is an area where a freshwater river or stream meets the ocean. Moderate, poor and bad status estuaries show progressively more impact from human activities. The water may contain organisms from the original port. Nutrients can be carried into estuaries from neighbouring farms and orchards by groundwater and waterways, causing algal bloom or excessive growth of plants such as mangroves. CSOs are probably the largest contributor of bacteria and viruses in most estuaries. Invasive species, or invasives, are plants and animals that have found their way into areas outside their normal geographic range. It also is used to describe the zone of human activities that are ad- jacent to and have a direct impact upon the estuaries. Pathogens pose a major health threat to people who swim, fish, or boat in estuaries, as well as to filter-feeding animals, like oysters, mussels and clams. It’s the flat nature of the river that intensifies the impact of human activities on the river. Florida’s estuaries are being severely damaged by human actions. Estuaries are the semi-enclosed coastal bodies of water where a river or lake’s freshwater and the ocean's saltwater is diluted and mixed. Clearly, our local activities can have global impacts, especially when it comes to sensitive areas like estuaries. Some of the threats to the estuary biome are: We are learning to balance the way we live with environmental needs. Scientific research sometimes reveals environmental problems that are linked to human activity or lifestyles. Estuaries, Adaptations, & Human Impacts (8/15/12) Description: New Jersey is graced by 120 miles of coastline, much of which is framed by a ribbon of beautiful sandy beaches. Case studies. In addition to being directly harmful to plants, animals, and people, toxic substances can cause great economic damage to communities that depend on healthy recreational and commercial fisheries for their livelihoods. Estuaries are affected by events far upstream, and concentrate materials such as pollutants and sediments. Pesticides, automobile fluids like antifreeze, oil or grease, and metals such as mercury or lead have all been found to pollute estuaries. As has been mentioned before, humans have a heavy impact on estuaries. Currently, estuaries are under threat from human activities such as pollution and overfishing. Toxic and foul smelling compounds may also be produced through this process. This can be sped up by land clearance for urban living and industrial development that exposes soils, leaving them vulnerable to being washed away. Human Impacts in Estuaries. In some areas, the estuarine habitat loss is as high as 60%. This balance between environmental needs and our needs is often the subject of debate involving scientists, environmentalists, authorities and ordinary people. The use of pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural fields indirectly impact the marine life of estuaries. Nutrient pollution is the single largest pollution problem effecting coastal waters of the United States. As they are consumed by plants and animals, they accumulate in the tissues of living things. Threats to estuaries Estuaries are one of the coastal areas most at risk from human activities. Human impact on estuaries includes reclamation of tidal land by filling; pollution from sewage, solid waste, industrial effluent; increased sedimentation in the estuary; and alteration of the salinity of estuarine waters by withdrawal or increased influx of freshwater. Of the thirty-two largest cities in the world in the early 1990s, twenty-two were located on estuaries. Invasion by introduced species – when ships flush their ballast water while at port. They also jeopardise the role estuaries play in maintaining the health of coastal waters, including the marine organisms within them, which affects the fishing industry and the ability of people, such as iwi, to eat kaimoana as they have traditionally done. Associated physicalalterations, such as dredging, damming, and bulkheading, change the naturalflow of fresh water to estuaries, dramatically affecting … Consequently, estuaries are subjected to impact from human activities. Estuaries are great places to travel to. Ecology of Estuaries represents the most definitive and comprehensive source of reference information available on the human impact on estuarine ecosystems. Another reason that estuaries are in danger is contributed by humans who have done the most damage. Most excess nutrients come from discharges of sewage treatment plants and septic tanks, stormwater runoff from overfertilized lawns, golf courses, and agricultural fields. In New Zealand, however, algal bloom in estuaries is often suppressed due to light reduction from suspended fine sediments (reducing the potential for photosynthesis). Low diversity and High biomass within Estuaries Examine estuaries as being part of important biological, chemical, and physical cycles such as food webs, nutrient cycles, and hydrologic cycles. Human Impacts on Estuarine Sedimentary Processes Increasing pressures from human-induced activities are causing habitat loss and degradation, fisheries declines, and overall reductions in estuarine health and productivity. Water continually circulates into and out of an estuary.

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