The Ferghana Valley (also transliterated as Fergana or Farghana) is historically the main Silk Road route between Kashgar and Samarkand.It is a relatively fertile, populous and prosperous area though much of the surrounding country is mountains, steppe or desert. The Fergana Valley stretches across central Asia forming a crucial part of the northern silk road which historically linked China to the west.
Compounding these issues is the large population growth expected in Central Asia in general and the Fergana Valley in particular in coming decades. The roughly triangular valley has an area of 8,500 square miles (22,000 square km). Therefore, it’s not difficult to believe that Fergana City is a surprisingly wealthy town where you can stay for a couple of days, while you explore the rest of the valley. Welcome to Fergana Valley On arrival in the Fergana Valley many visitors wonder where the valley is. The Fergana Valley's population consists mainly of Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, and Tajiks and is split among Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. According to U.N. estimates, the population of Central Asia is expected to rise by 15 percent between 2010 and 2020, although each country has already exceeded the U.N. population estimates. The Fergana Valley has long served as a bread basket and trading hub for the civilizations that have occupied the surrounding mountains. Kokand is a city in Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southwestern edge of the Fergana Valley. The narrow Khudjand Pass in the west has historically served as an invasion route into the valley. In particular, in the second half of the nineteenth and to the middle of the twentieth century, a large population of ethnic Uyghurs migrated to the north-eastern parts of the Fergana Valley, modern Uzbekistan. The Fergana valley is the most populous area in Central Asia. On the South, parallel to Syrdarya, there is the Big Fergana Channel. Thus, the area has traditionally been ethnically diverse, with substantial Uzbek, Tajik, and Kyrgyz populations which tend to live in large pockets rather than within easily discernible boarders. A relatively new town, only founded in 1876, Fergana City is the capital of the Fergana region, home to a large Russian population and a regional center for oil extraction. The valleys, though important for Tajikistan’s human geography, make up less than one-tenth of the country’s area. The city lies 228 km (142 mi) southeast of Tashkent, 115 km (71 mi) west of Andijan, and 88 km (55 mi) west of Fergana.
From this broad (22,000 sq km), flat bowl, the surrounding mountain ranges (Tian Shan to the north and the Pamir Alay to the south) seem to stand back at enormous distances – when you can see them, that is. The Fergana Valley is also believed to be rich in a number of natural resources, including gold, oil, copper and other raw materials. Syrdarya - the second largest river of Cenral Asia - flows along the valley. With these high population densities of mixed ethic groups located throughout this confined region, the result is a significant increase in competition for the dwindling natural resources left, which can lead to confrontations and even armed conflict for their control. Fergana valley is a spacious cavity surrounded on three sides by Tien- Shan and Pamir-Altay mountain systems. The population of Kokand on April 24, 2014 was approximately 187,477. Fergana Valley or Ferghana Valley, region, 8,494 sq mi (22,000 sq km), Central Asia, divided among Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. From this broad (22,000 sq km), flat bowl, the surrounding mountain ranges (Tian Shan to the north and the Pamir Alay to the south) seem to stand back at enormous … Fergana Valley, enormous depression between the Tien Shan and Gissar and Alay mountain systems, lying mainly in eastern Uzbekistan and partly in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. On arrival in the Fergana Valley many visitors wonder where the valley is. The largest are the western portion of the Fergana Valley in the north and the Gissar, Vakhsh, Yavansu, Obikiik, Lower Kofarnihon (Kafirnigan), and Panj (Pyandzh) valleys to the south. It lies, in other words, at the crux of Central Asia. This agricultural productivity has made the Fergana Valley the most densely populated part of Central Asia; almost a quarter of the region's total population (14 million out of 63 million) lives in less than 5 percent of the region's total land area. Its length from the West to the East is 350 km and width is 150 km. It is well known that many Uyghurs due to various political and economic reasons, resettled in the different parts of Central Asia.


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