Conclusions As already shown in cases of other difficult phylogenetic questions, we found analyses of phylogenomic data to be useful in resolving the uncertain placement of turtles within the phylogeny of amniotes. The phylogenetic and taxonomic history of this group is complicated by the fact that our understanding of species diversity and the geographic distribution of the contained species has changed dramatically in recent years. This shell is not an exoskeleton. Turtles are unmistakable. Turtle" may refer to the order as a whole (American English) or to fresh-water and sea-dwelling testudines (British English). J Zool Syst Evol Res. Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudines characterized by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs and acting as a shield. " Our data set included DNA sequence data from two mitochondrial protein-coding genes and a ∼ 1-kb nuclear intron for 23 of 26 recognized species, and 59 previously published morphological characters for a complimentary set of 24 species. Amniote phylogeny illustrating revised nomenclature assuming diapsid identity of Testudines as hypothesized by Zardoya and Meyer (1998), Hedges and Poling (1999), and Rieppel and Reisz (1999), employing the revised phylogenetic definition for Reptilia suggested in the text.Arrows indicate taxon names for clades. 2. Considering this, it may be prudent to consider these fossils Testudines incerte sedis until additional data can be obtained to confirm their phylogenetic placement.

The order Testudines includes both extant (living) and extinct species. Many of the oldest and most primitive forms not only lacked a shell but also lacked a plastron and a carapace. Our data set included DNA sequence data from two mitochondrial protein-coding genes and a ∼1-kb nuclear intron for 23 of 26 recognized species, and 59 previously published morphological characters for The UC Museum of Paleontology also has phylogenetic information concerning Testudines, as well as a listing of other Internet sites- Internet Turtle Resources. likelihood to infer the phylogenetic tree and discuss current debates in turtle evolutionary relationships. The reptilia group are an animal that has cold blood, lay eggs, and has a body that is covered in scales or hard parts. The topologies of the ML and BI trees were identical; thus, we present bootstrap support (BP) and posterior probability (PP) together on the BI trees. Phylogenetic trees obtained using the Bayesian and ML methods are depicted in Fig. Under a system of phylogenetic classification, we could name any clade on this tree. Here we revisit the recent phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Australian short-necked turtles (Testudines: Chelidae).

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